Product Details
Product Introduction
Nano-onion carbon is a carbon molecule with a concentric multi-layer spherical nested structure centered on C60. Its cross-section under an electron microscope is onion-like, so we vividly call it nano-onion carbon.
Nano-onion carbons (CNOs) were discovered by Ugarte et al. [1] in 1992 by irradiating carbon ash with a strong electron beam in a transmission electron microscope. At present, hollow nano-onions (Hollow CNOs, HCNOs) have low density, large specific surface area, good stability and surface wettability. They are expected to be made into superconducting materials and play an important role in the application fields of electronic materials [2-4]. Their structure has been proven to be applicable to many fields such as drug carriers, lubricant materials, lithium battery electrode materials and biosensors [5,6]. For nano-onion carbons with magnetic cores, the carbon nano-onions encapsulating magnetic metal particles have better magnetic properties than pure magnetic metal particles.
Product Advantages
1. Nano-onion carbon molecules have unusually high conductivity and an ultra-long electron spin lifetime;
2. Nano-onion carbon particles with a smaller radius have a larger surface curvature, so they have higher chemical reaction activity;
3. Nano-onion carbon and nano-onion carbon embedded with special metal nanoparticles, under the wrapping of the external graphite layer, have good weather resistance and high compressive properties;
4. Nano-onion carbon, as an electrode material, can be used to prepare supercapacitors with excellent performance;
5. Nano-onion carbon with a hollow structure has low density, large specific surface area, stable performance and good surface wettability.
C60 is a purple-red solid molecular crystal at room temperature with weak fluorescence. The diameter of the C60 molecule is approximately 7.1 angstroms (1 angstrom = 10-10 meters, i.e., one ten-billionth of a meter), and the density of C60 is 1.68g/cm³. Molecular orbital calculations show that fullerene has a large delocalization energy. C60 has a metallic luster and many excellent properties, such as superconductivity, strong magnetism, high pressure resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance, with potential application prospects in fields such as optics, electricity, and magnetism.
Solubility
Fullerenes are poorly soluble in most solvents. They are usually dissolved in aromatic solvents such as toluene, chlorobenzene, or the non-aromatic solvent carbon disulfide. Solutions of pure fullerenes are usually purple, and dark purple at higher concentrations. Solutions of C70 are slightly redder than those of C60 because the former has an absorption at 500nm. Other fullerenes, such as C76 and C80, exhibit different shades of purple. Fullerenes are the only allotropes of carbon discovered so far that are soluble in common solvents at room temperature.
Some fullerenes are insoluble due to their narrow energy band gaps between the ground state and excited state, such as C28, C36, and C50. C72 is also almost insoluble, but endohedral fullerenes of C72, such as La2·C72, are soluble because of the interaction between the metal elements and the fullerene. Early scientists were puzzled by the absence of C72, despite the existence of its endohedral fullerenes. Fullerenes with narrow band gaps are highly reactive and often combine with other fullerenes. The solubility of chemically modified fullerene derivatives is significantly enhanced. For example, the solubility of PC61BM in chlorobenzene at room temperature is 50mg/mL. The solubilities of C60 and C70 in some solvents are listed in the table on the left, where the solubility values are usually estimated saturated concentrations.
Conductivity
C60 is not conductive under normal conditions. This is because C60 is large enough to enclose other atoms inside it, which affects its physical properties, making it non-conductive. Additionally, since C60 has a large number of free electrons, if radioactive elements that can undergo beta decay are trapped inside it, their half-life may be affected as a result.
Superconductivity
After C60 could be mass-produced, many of its properties were discovered. Soon, Haddon and others found that alkali metal-doped C60 exhibits metallic behavior. In 1991, it was discovered that potassium-doped C60 has superconducting behavior at 18K, which is the highest molecular superconducting temperature to date. Since then, the superconducting properties of a large number of metal-doped fullerenes have been discovered.
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